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Here are the detailed specifications for the VIPER50A chip:
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Technical Parameters
Parameter Specification
Function Type AC/DC Off-line Switching Regulator (PWM Controller + High-Voltage Power MOSFET)
Topology Flyback
Output Power 50 W (Typical, wide-range input)
Internal Switch Integrated 700V Power MOSFET
Breakdown Voltage (VDS) 700 V
Continuous Drain Current (ID) 2.7 A
Switching Frequency Up to 200 kHz
Operating Mode Current-mode PWM Control
Start-up Voltage 11 V
Supply Voltage Range (VDD) 8 V – 15 V
Quiescent Current (Standby) 12 mA (Typical)
Start-up Current Source 3 mA (Typical)
Duty Cycle 0% – 80% (Typical)
Control Features Frequency control, soft-start, synchronization
Fault Protection Current limit protection, over-temperature protection
Dynamic Characteristics
Parameter Typical Value Maximum Value
Switching Frequency 200 kHz -
Start-up Time - Depends on external capacitor
Soft-start Time Configurable Via COMP pin capacitor
Start-up Duty Cycle 12% -
Start-up Power Consumption 0.6 W @ 230 Vrms input
Protection Functions
Function Description
Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Shuts down automatically when VDD falls below the threshold to prevent false start-up
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) Shuts down automatically upon overheating; requires cooling down to restart
Current Limit Protection (OCP) Cycle-by-cycle current limiting to prevent MOSFET overcurrent
Short-Circuit Protection Enters Hiccup Mode upon output short-circuit; duty cycle approx. 12%
Soft-start Function Implemented via COMP pin capacitor to reduce start-up surge
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Pin Definitions (Pentawatt-5 HV / TO-220-5)
Pin Name Function
1 DRAIN High-voltage power MOSFET drain; connects to transformer primary winding
2 SOURCE Power MOSFET Source pin; connects the current-sense resistor to ground.
3 VDD Supply input for the control circuit; requires an external energy-storage capacitor.
4 COMP Error amplifier compensation input; connects to an RC network for loop compensation and soft-start.
5 FB Feedback input; connects to an optocoupler or auxiliary winding for voltage feedback.
Package Description
- Pentawatt-5 HV: 5-pin TO-220 package with bent and staggered leads to facilitate PCB layout and high-voltage isolation.
- Rear metal heatsink: Electrically connected to the SOURCE pin; insulation and thermal management must be considered in the design.
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Typical Application Circuit
1. Basic Flyback Switching Power Supply (50W Off-line Converter)
```
AC Input (85-265V)
│
├──┬──┐
│ │ │
│ Rectifier Bridge │
│ │ │
└──┴──┘
│
├──→ High-voltage filter capacitor (electrolytic)
│
├──┬──┐
│ │ │
│ DRAIN (1) VIPER50A
│ │ │
│ │ SOURCE (2) ──┬──→ Current-sense resistor Rs
│ │ │ │
│ │ VDD (3) ─────┤ └──→ GND
│ │ │ │
│ │ └──→ CVDD │
│ │ (Storage Cap)│
│ │ │
│ │ COMP (4) ────┬──→ RC compensation network
│ │ │
│ │ FB (5) ──────┬──→ Optocoupler/Auxiliary winding feedback
│ │ │
└──┴───────────────────┘
│
Transformer
│
├──→ Secondary rectification & filtering → +Vout
│
└──→ Auxiliary winding → VDD supply
```
- Features: Integrated high-voltage startup current source (eliminates the need for an external startup resistor); current-mode control with fast dynamic response. 2. 50W Adapter Circuit with Comprehensive Protection
```
AC 85-265V Input
│
├──┬──┐
│ Fuse │
│ │ │
│ NTC │
│ │ │
│ Common-mode Inductor │
│ │ │
└──┴──┘
│
├──→ Rectifier Bridge (e.g., KBU808)
│
├──→ High-voltage Filter Capacitor (100µF/400V)
│
├──┬──────────────────┐
│ │ │
│ DRAIN (1) │
│ VIPER50A │
│ SOURCE (2) ───────┬──→ Rs (0.5Ω, Current Sense)
│ │ │
│ VDD (3) ──────────┤ └──→ GND
│ │ │
│ CVDD (22µF/25V) │
│ │
│ COMP (4) ─────────┬──→ Rcomp (10kΩ) + Ccomp (100nF)
│ │
│ FB (5) ───────────┬──→ Optocoupler PC817
│ │ │
└──┴─────────────────┘ └──→ TL431 Reference
│
High-frequency Transformer
│
├──→ Secondary Rectification (Schottky Diode)
│
├──→ Output Filter Capacitor
│
└──→ Voltage Divider → TL431
```
- Rs: Current sense resistor; determines the current limit point.
- CVDD: VDD energy storage capacitor; determines startup time and UVLO hysteresis.
- COMP Network: Rcomp + Ccomp provides loop compensation; Ccomp also facilitates soft-start.
- Optocoupler + TL431: Implements primary-to-secondary isolated feedback.
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Key Characteristic Curves
Parameter Condition Typical Value
Startup Current Source VDD = 0V, DRAIN = 400V 3 mA
VDD Operating Current Switching State 12 mA
UVLO Turn-on Threshold VDDon 11 V
UVLO Turn-off Threshold VDDoff 8 V
UVLO Hysteresis VDDhyst 3 V
MOSFET RDS(on) ID = 1.35A 2.5 Ω (Typ.)
Maximum Duty Cycle - 80%
Short-Circuit Protection Duty Cycle Startup cycle mode 12%
Overtemperature Protection Threshold - 150°C (Typ.)
---
Alternative Models and Competitor Products
Model Manufacturer Differences
VIPER50A STMicroelectronics Original model, Pentawatt-5 HV, 50W, 700V
VIPER50A-E STMicroelectronics Enhanced version, improved EMI
VIPER50A(022Y) STMicroelectronics Bent/staggered lead version
VIPER50ASP STMicroelectronics SMD version, PowerSO-10, 50W, 620V
VIPER50A-22-E STMicroelectronics Improved version, Pentawatt-5 HV
VIPER20A STMicroelectronics 20W version, Pentawatt-5 HV, discontinued
VIPER20ASP STMicroelectronics 20W SMD version, HSOP-10
VIPER17L STMicroelectronics Low-power version, SOIC-16
VIPER22A STMicroelectronics Lower-power version, DIP-8/SOIC-8
VIPER12A STMicroelectronics 12W version, DIP-8
ICE3B0565J Infineon 65W off-line converter, PG-DIP-8
ICE2QR0665 Infineon QR (Quasi-Resonant) controller, 65W
TNY264/265/266 Power Integrations TinySwitch series, integrated MOSFET
TOPSwitch Power Integrations Higher-power integrated solution
NCP1207 onsemi Current-mode PWM, external MOSFET
--
---
Notes
- Compatibility: The VIPER50A is discontinued (Obsolete); for new designs, the VIPER50ASP (SMD version) or VIPER17L (low-power version) is recommended. For maintenance/replacement, verify that the package dimensions (Pentawatt-5 HV) and pinout match.
- Installation Instructions:
- The Pentawatt-5 HV package is a 5-pin TO-220 through-hole package featuring a bent/staggered pin design to facilitate PCB layout regarding creepage distance.
- The rear heatsink tab is electrically connected to the SOURCE pin; if electrical isolation is required, use an insulating pad and insulating silicone. - DRAIN Pin (Pin 1): A high-voltage node; the PCB layout must ensure sufficient creepage distance (>3mm).
- VDD Pin (Pin 3): Requires an external storage capacitor (typically 22µF/25V), which determines the startup time and UVLO hysteresis.
- SOURCE Pin (Pin 2): Connects a current-sense resistor to ground; the resistance value determines the current limit point (typically 0.5Ω).
- COMP Pin (Pin 4): Connects to an RC compensation network and also implements the soft-start function.
- FB Pin (Pin 5): Connects to an optocoupler or auxiliary winding to provide voltage feedback and regulation.
- Transformer Design: Leakage inductance must be considered; adding an RC snubber circuit is recommended to suppress leakage inductance spikes.
- Thermal Management: 50W applications require adequate heat dissipation; a heatsink or a PCB copper area of ≥ 10 cm² is recommended.
- Soldering Temperature: For manual soldering, the recommended temperature is 350°C with a duration of ≤ 3 seconds per pin; for wave soldering, the peak temperature is 260°C.
- Design Considerations:
- Startup Time: The CVDD capacitance value should be calculated based on startup time requirements using the formula: CVDD > IDD × tSS / VDDhyst.
- Soft-Start: Implemented by increasing the capacitance at the COMP pin to reduce startup current surges.
- Loop Compensation: The RC network at the COMP pin determines system stability and dynamic response.
- EMI Suppression: Adding an RC snubber and a ferrite bead at the DRAIN pin is recommended to reduce switching noise.
- Short-Circuit Protection: Automatically enters hiccup mode (12% duty cycle) during an output short-circuit to limit power dissipation.
- Transformer Design: Primary inductance affects the CCM/DCM operating mode; optimization based on power and frequency is required.
- Technical Support: For further technical support, please refer to STMicroelectronics VIPer application notes (AN1326, AN1443) or contact an authorized distributor. ---
Summary
The VIPER50A is an integrated off-line switching power supply controller from STMicroelectronics. Housed in a Pentawatt-5 HV (TO-220-5) package and based on VIPower® M0 technology, it integrates a 700V power MOSFET and a current-mode PWM controller onto a single chip. It offers a comprehensive feature set, including 50W output power capability, a 200kHz switching frequency, soft-start, undervoltage lockout, over-temperature protection, and cycle-by-cycle current limiting. Its high-voltage startup current source eliminates the need for external startup resistors, thereby simplifying the design, while current-mode control ensures excellent dynamic response and loop stability. Widely used in flyback topologies for applications such as consumer electronics adapters, auxiliary power supplies for home appliances, industrial control power supplies, and LED drivers, the VIPER50A serves as a cost-effective solution for 50W-class off-line SMPS designs. As a classic model in the VIPer series, the VIPER50A strikes an optimal balance between integration, power density, and cost, making it an ideal choice for low-to-medium power off-line power supply designs.
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